Author type | Parenthetical citation | Narrative citation |
---|---|---|
One author | (Smith, 2020) | Smith (2020) |
Two authors | (Smith & Jones, 2020) | Smith and Jones (2020) |
Three or more authors | (Smith et al., 2020) | Smith et al. (2020) |
Organization | (Scribbr, 2020) | Scribbr (2020) |
Missing element | What to do | Parenthetical citation |
---|---|---|
Author | Use the source title.* | (Source Title, 2020) |
Date | Write “n.d.” for “no date”. | (Smith, n.d.) |
Page number | Either use an alternative locator or omit the page number. | (Smith, 2020, Chapter 3) or (Smith, 2020) |
Missing element | What to do | Reference format |
---|---|---|
Author | Start the reference entry with the source title. | Title. (Date). Source. |
Date | Write “n.d.” for “no date”. | Author. (n.d.). Title. Source. |
Title | Describe the work in square brackets. | Author. (Date). [Description]. Source. |